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FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl3> <P><FONT size=2></FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/Newsletter_R3A.gif" align=right border=0>COMING SOON: DNN REDESIGN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR><EM>Nutrition Newsletter Gets Makeover</EM></STRONG> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>If you noticed a delay in the publication of this latest newsletter, here's the reason: After almost three years and 54 published newsletters, we have received a wealth of insightful, creative and practical reader feedback on how best to present the information we provide in the <EM>Dole Nutrition News</EM> (DNN).&nbsp;Thanks to your guidance we've toiled to create a new, more user-friendly DNN, with a vibrant new look and feel. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>You told us you'd like to see information "at-a-glance," rather than having to scroll down a long page.&nbsp;You told us you want an easy-to-print version.&nbsp;You told us you'd like the "top news" highlighted with links so you can immediately access the article you want rather than having to read through the entire newsletter.&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Well, we listened.&nbsp;Next month we debut the new DNN (<A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/dnipubnewsletters/preview/DNN_redesign_preview.htm" target=_blank>click here for sneak peek</A>), which will now move to a monthly (rather than every-other-week) schedule. The modernized version will have a greater depth of integration into the volumes and volumes of nutrition information available in our extensive archives as well as those resources provided on our various websites: <A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/" target=_blank>dolenutrition.com</A> and <A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(sjyxsq45pcocql45ogxygqnt)/index.aspx" target=_blank>dolesuperfoods.com</A> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>But just because we're raising the curtain it doesn't mean we're taking a bow.&nbsp;Please keep giving us your invaluable suggestions&nbsp;as we continue to endeavor to make the DNN the "go-to" source for diet, nutrition, fitness and natural beauty.</FONT></P> <P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=565" target=_blank><FONT size=2><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></FONT></A></P></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl6> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG>KEEN FOR GREENS&nbsp;<BR><EM>Turn Over a New "Leafy" This Spring</EM></STRONG> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>We all know leafy greens are good for us...but just what the heck <I>are</I> they? Some definitions are so broad as to be meaningless, including everything from lettuce to broccoli. For clarity's sake, we'll define leafy greens as those green, leafy vegetables that require cooking to tame their otherwise bitter taste. </P> <P>So why should you steam, wilt or sautee yourself some greens this spring? Because these leafy lovelies offer a bumper crop of health benefits ? ranging from </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=172"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>mental sharpness</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> to </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=128"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>weight management</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. Like their cruciferous cousins, leafy greens also contain glucosinolates: </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=450"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>indirect antioxidants that activate the body's own natural detoxification systems</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>.</P> <P>If you're unfamiliar with these hardy greens, check out our nutrient guide on several verdant varieties: </P><B> <P>Kale:</B> One of the healthiest greens for your bones, just one cup cooked contains nearly 1,300% of your daily requirement of vitamin K (helps support healthy bone formation). Kale also contains manganese which promotes bone density, vitamin C which supports collagen formation, plus a healthy dose of </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=230"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>calcium</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. Unlike some other produce (e.g. spinach), kale is relatively low in </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=153"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>oxalates</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> (which can bind with calcium and prevent its absorption). <B>Bonus:</B> Kale is the top leafy green source of carotenoids which promote eye health and may help lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration. </P><B> <P>Collards:</B> While this Southern staple contains <I>three times</I> as much calcium as kale, nearly none of it can be absorbed due to collards' high oxalate content. Fortunately, collards provide other bone-healthy nutrients: nearly 1,000% of your daily vitamin K needs, and an excellent source of vitamin C and </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=207"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>folate</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. Like kale, collards are loaded with the same eye-healthy carotenoids mentioned above. </P><B> <P>Swiss chard:</B> Best greens to lower blood pressure as one cup cooked supplies nearly one-third of your daily potassium requirement. A mineral marvel, Swiss chard is the top leafy green source of iron, integral to the formation of hemoglobin, a blood protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Swiss chard's excellent source of vitamin C helps enhance absorption of its iron content (making it a must-add to the menu of those 15% of pre-menopausal women who fail to get enough iron). </P><B> <P>Chicory:</B> As discussed in the DNN story "</FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=223"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>Bitter Herbs for Better Health</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>," chicory rivals collards and Swiss chard in vitamins A, C and K, plus minerals like potassium and copper, and, last but not least, plenty of free-radical fighting phytochemicals. <B>Bonus:</B> Chicory contains fructans, carbohydrate components that studies suggest may promote healthy arteries, bones and a healthy GI tract. </P><B> <P>Mustard and Turnip Greens:</B> While these two don?t pack quite the nutrient punch of some of the leafies listed above, they still contain large amounts of the bone-healthy vitamins K, C and folate, plus eye-healthy carotenoids. They're also a good plant source of vitamin E, a potent antioxidant that may help boost immunity by shielding immune cells from free-radical damage and supporting production of bacteria busting white blood cells. <B>Bonus:</B> Compared to King Kale, turnip greens are even higher in calcium (and as low in oxalates) making it a top plant source of this mineral. </P> <P>For a delicious way to get your greens, try this issue's featured Superfood Recipe, "Steamed Greens with Ginger and Water Chestnuts" ? just one of the many fantastic dishes contained in our current fave cookbook, </FONT><A href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520242343/sr=1-1/qid=1139426553/ref=pd_bbs_1/002-7000302-2137609?%5Fencoding=UTF8"><I><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>The New American Plate</I></U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, published by the </FONT><A href="http://www.aicr.org/site/PageServer"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>American Institute for Cancer Research</U></FONT></A></FONT></P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=566" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl9> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG>HEALTHY HOUSEWORK<BR><EM>Could Cleaning Up Help Lower Blood Pressure?</EM></STRONG></FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Does the prospect of spring cleaning have you stressed out? Then take heart ? literally ? from new research which suggests that ordinary, around-the-house activities like sweeping, gardening, dusting and washing might actually help lower blood pressure. </P> <P>Indiana University researchers found that four hours of accumulated daily housework and yardwork improved the condition of hypertensive and prehypertensive study subjects, temporarily inducing a drop in blood pressure.</P> <P>These results echo various medical studies reviewed by Harvard professor Harvey B. Simon who suggests that regular, demanding household cleaning could lower heart attack risk by 54% in men and 84% in women, while one hour of gardening a week could lower the risk of sudden cardiac death by 66%. </P> <P>Does this mean that you should trade in your stair stepper for a vacuum cleaner? Not at all. As explored in previous DNNs there are myriad benefits to </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=437"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>pumping iron</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> and </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=108"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>pushing your limits aerobically</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. But the research s<I>hould</I> encourage those on the first rung of the fitness ladder to embrace everyday activity as part of their exercise routine. </P> <P>Meanwhile, if you're among the nearly one in three adults who suffer from high blood pressure (which can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, kidney damage and age-related brain decline) make sure to </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=163"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>limit salt intake</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, increase consumption of foods rich in </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=227"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>magnesium</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> (</FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=212"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>oat bran</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(k5vbur45nmb0ndira3jetaep)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=9"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>spinach</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/facts_sz.aspx"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>soybeans</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, pumpkin seeds) and potassium (</FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=196"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>white beans</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=185"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>beets</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/facts_ae.aspx"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>dates</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(k5vbur45nmb0ndira3jetaep)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=64"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>raisins</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(k5vbur45nmb0ndira3jetaep)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=4"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>bananas</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, Swiss chard).</P><B> <P>Bonus:</B> For an extra-yummy way to manage blood pressure, treat yourself to a cup of hot </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=228"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>cocoa</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. German research found dark chocolate lowered blood pressure among hypertensive study subjects.<BR></P></FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=567" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl12> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG>NEW!&nbsp; WORKPLACE WELLNESS VIDEO<BR><EM>DNI Program Boosts Employee Health</EM></STRONG></FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Obesity and inactivity not only contribute to soaring health care costs, they also can hurt the bottom line. Saving money isn't the only reason to provide healthy benefits for employees. Wellness programs can boost morale and build team spirit ? just a few reasons why we hope other companies will follow the example featured in our new video on </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/DoleTv_Details.aspx?ResId=30"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>Workplace Wellness</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>.</P> <P>Three years ago we launched Dole Employee Wellness, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/DNIPUBNewsletter/DNI_NL20050808.htm"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>an award-winning program</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> that provides a range of benefits, including free fruit &amp; veggie snacks, on-site fitness classes, a model cafeteria, a state-of-the-art gym and subsidized personal trainers. </P> <P>The program lowered levels of cholesterol, c-reactive protein, triclyceride and glucose, while improving other health indicators among a test group of volunteers. </P> <P>Avid DNN readers already know that taking midday </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=28"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>fitness breaks can actually increase productivity</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, while </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=35"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>employees who exercise three days a week accomplish more and have fewer health care costs</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> than their sedentary peers.</P><B> <P>Bonus:</B> If getting more done faster isn't enough incentive to work out, how about increasing your net worth? See our report on </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=8"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>research that correlated weight </U><I>loss</I><U> with wealth </U><I>gain</I></FONT></A><FONT size=2>. </FONT></P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=568" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><!--END STORY--></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl15></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl18></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl21></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="WIDTH: 396px" colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl24></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=390 bgColor=#c7f1dc border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/section_hd_nnd2.gif"></TD></TR><!--this is test--> <TR> <TD colSpan=2></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl27> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files\facts_photo.jpg" align=right border=0>FAT vs. FICTION <BR><EM>Flawed Study Creates Confusion</EM></STRONG> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>"Low-Fat Diets Flub a Test" screamed headlines in response to the three studies published earlier this year, casting doubt on the anti-cancer and heart health benefits of low-fat diets. After years of dietary finger-wagging to cut fat intake, this about face nearly sent confused consumers seeking solace in a tub of Rocky Road. </P> <P>Dig a little deeper (in the data, not the ice cream, that is) and you'll see that studies <I>themselves</I> may deserve some blame for creating such confusion. Conventional wisdom about the benefits of cutting back on fat isn't wrong ? it just needs to be updated in light of advances in nutrition knowledge regarding the distinction between good fats and bad fats. The mountain of evidence behind the health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption remains unchallenged. </P> <P>The studies in question compared the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and colorectal and breast cancers among 50,000 women aged 50-79 whose diets differed in the amount of calories obtained from fat. Various critics have highlighted several inadequacies with this investigation, including: a) lack of length ? 8 years being too tight a window to demonstrate dietary effects; b) lack of compliance ? over time, study subjects reduced calories from fat to 30%, not the 20% goal recommended ? while success in increasing fruit and vegetable intake was minimal; c) lack of differentiation in fat intake (between the control and intervention groups), and finally; d) lack of distinction between good and bad fats. </P> <P>One health expert who eloquently makes the distinction, not only between good and bad fats, but also between good and bad carbs, is Dr. Dean Ornish in our DNN <A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=452"><U>interview</U></A> and <A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/DoleTv_Details.aspx?ResId=11"><U>video</U></A>. Trans fat, for example, also tricks your genes into signalling your liver to produce more cholesterol ("<A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=76"><U>Fat Most Foul</U></A>"). Then there are the benefits of good fats ? found, for example, in <A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=219"><U>fish</U></A> and <A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=158"><U>nuts</U></A>. Finally, when compared to the calorie-density of high fat foods, fiber-rich foods such as fruit, veggies and whole grains fill you up faster making weight management a breeze (see "<A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=76"><U>Pump up the Volume: Stuff Yourself Thin with Volumetrics</U></A>"). </P><B> <P>Bottom line:</B> Don't dismiss what you know about the benefits of eating a low-fat diet rich in fruit and vegetables based on an over-hyped, under-performing study. Just make sure you're opting for healthy complex carbs (like fruit and vegetables) and monounsaturated fats (like olive oil) over bad carbs (refined sugar, pastries) and bad fats (animal and partially hydrogenated fats).<BR></FONT></P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=569" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl30> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG>SMOKE SCREEN <BR><EM>Early Fiber Intake&nbsp;Forestalls Respiratory Problems</EM></STRONG> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>California already boasts some of the toughest anti-tobacco laws in the nation, but two new developments edge it closer to becoming the land of the smoke-free. One recently proposed bill would raise the legal smoking age from 18 to 21; another new regulation declares second-hand tobacco smoke a "toxic air contaminant.'' Both are good news for Californians ? and all Americans if other states follow suit. </P> <P>Unfortunately, avoiding second-hand smoke is not always easy, particularly for those children living with smokers. While the best way to protect your child from this "toxic air contaminant" is to make your house a no-smoking zone, a recent study from the National Institute of Environmental Sciences in North Carolina suggests that ensuring adequate fiber intake may help as well. </P> <P>In the largest study to date of the effects of second-hand smoke, researchers looked at 35,000 Singaporeans, 65% of whom had lived with one or more smokers during their childhood, and found that study subjects with the <I>lowest</I> early fiber intake had the <I>highest</I> risk of developing respiratory problems later in life. One hypothesis: Higher fiber intake may lessen the inflammation and oxidative stress caused by second-hand smoke. </P> <P>So, in addition to banishing smoke from your house, make sure your children's diet includes fiber-rich foods such as </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/facts_ae.aspx"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>beans</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=212"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>oats</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(2wkacc45dgytdj55xecmtk45)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=8"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>raspberries</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(2wkacc45dgytdj55xecmtk45)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=5"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>blackberries</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(2wkacc45dgytdj55xecmtk45)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=9"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>spinach</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2>, </FONT><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/articleDetails.aspx?RecId=232"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>Brussels sprouts</U></FONT></A><FONT size=2> and </FONT><A href="http://www.dolesuperfoods.com/(2wkacc45dgytdj55xecmtk45)/SubCatDetails.aspx?SubCatId=4"><U><FONT color=#0000ff size=2>bananas</U></FONT></A></FONT></P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=570" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl33></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl36></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl39></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl42></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl45></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl48></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=390 bgColor=#e7d6e7 border=0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/section_hd_dcByline.gif"></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl67> <P><FONT size=2><STRONG><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files\23.jpeg" align=right border=0>DRUGSTORE DNA KITS<BR><EM>Are Genetic Assessments&nbsp;Worth Price?</EM></STRONG> </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>The introduction of widely available DNA kits has&nbsp;received lots of media attention&nbsp;<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>and why not?&nbsp; It's certainly an intriguing proposition: swab your cheek, send in your sample for genetic analysis, and receive your "Comprehensive Health Assessment." </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>But are such assessments truly "comprehensive?"&nbsp;Are they accurate?&nbsp;Are they personalized?&nbsp;And, at around $100 for assessments in particular categories (e.g. Bone Health, Heart Health, Inflammation, Antioxidant/Detoxification and Insulin Resistance) or over twice that much for a package deal analysis of your whole genetic kit and caboodle, are these products worth the cost?&nbsp;Or, would your money be better spent visiting a doctor to check on your cholesterol, blood pressure and&nbsp;bone density <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>or seeking out other preventative screenings? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>In an effort to address such questions I decided to get my own DNA assessed, then review the results and recommendations with a top genetic researcher.&nbsp;The process was very user-friendly: take samples CSI-style by rubbing a Q-tip-like swab inside your cheek, then seal and send it back to the company, along with a simple, 10-page lifestyle questionnaire.&nbsp;About three weeks later I received my "Comprehensive Health Assessment"&nbsp;<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>a glossy ring-binder report that claimed "to be able to introduce you to someone very unique-YOU!"&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>I guess that would be "ME", though I found it a bit difficult to recognize myself in&nbsp;the report&nbsp;which among other things put my "Heart Health" somewhere in the middle range between "Action Required" and "Optimum Health."&nbsp;This was mildly disconcerting since I know all my blood values relating to heart health <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>overall cholesterol (LDL, VLDL and HDL), triglycerides, C-reactive protein <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>as well as my blood pressure.&nbsp;These values should place me in the "Optimum Health" range for this particular category.&nbsp;So what gives when the genetic assessment put me in the middle?&nbsp;Does that mean that if I weren't trying so hard to follow a heart-healthy diet and exercise regimen that I'd be in big trouble?&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Not exactly <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>or at least not according to the genetic expert we interviewed:&nbsp;Whittemore Tingley, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Cardiology Division of the University of California, San Francisco.&nbsp;After reviewing the results, he reassured me regarding my genetic risk profile...though in doing so he cast doubt on just how "comprehensive" or even accurate such tests truly are. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN:&nbsp;Thank you, Dr. Tingley, for agreeing to speak with us. First of all, what's your opinion of these new DNA self-tests? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT: I think it's a noble goal and what we're all working toward as geneticists <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> &nbsp;</SPAN>using the genes and gene variations to individualize preventative recommendations and treatment, both through nutrition and medicine, but in my opinion we're not quite there yet. We do not know enough yet about how common gene variants affect health and respond to&nbsp;therapy. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>There are a few well understood genes that have large effects and mutations that can cause disease <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>like heart failure or sudden cardiac death that runs in families <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>but those very specific genes and mutations are not included in this assessment, and I suspect not included in most self-assessments. Tests for these genes can be patented, and therefore, not available for general commercial application.&nbsp;This is not a screen for diseases that run in families. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN:&nbsp;What about&nbsp;the results and report I sent you? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;I found&nbsp;it interesting reading, but unfortunately more for its shortcomings than its insights. In my opinion, they have vastly oversimplified the data in a complex and controversial field. They assume or imply causal effects when even associations are in dispute. They also have extensive omissions in a report they call a "comprehensive health assessment." As a result, I find it misleading.&nbsp;I worry that a layperson might use this instead of getting their blood pressure and cholesterol checked. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: On the assessment itself there is no recommendation along the lines you suggest <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>though there is a statement which says, "If you suffer from any medical condition or are taking prescription drugs, consult with your doctor before taking any recommended supplement."&nbsp;On the last page of the questionnaire, under "limitations and disclaimers" they state that the information they provide "is neither comprehensive nor absolute" <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> w</SPAN>hich is a bit confusing considering at the bottom of each page of the questionnaire it says "COMPREHENSIVE" in big block letters. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Now, you mentioned that there are some variances that have strong effects that can cause disease <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>but those for the most part have been omitted from this assessment.&nbsp;What about the gene variations&nbsp;this assessment does&nbsp;look at? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT: The genes and mutations examined in this self-assessment, and most assessments, tend to be those which have a much weaker effect.&nbsp;They're looking at genes that have much more common variance, and the effects of the variance are less well understood <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>&nbsp;less of a determining, causative force, as those I mention above.&nbsp;The genes in this assessment, if they have effects at all, are much more likely to be modifiers rather than causes of disease. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: So, it's not quite as simple as saying "you have a variation in the gene that removes homocysteine" (an amino acid which at high levels has been associated with cardiovascular disease) therefore, you have an increased risk of heart disease. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT: In the general population it's going to be a much more complicated equation between variances with small effects and lifestyle factors.&nbsp;Let's take an example: Right now our best way of determining whether or not a medicine works is to do a double-blind randomized trial.&nbsp;A large number of patients enroll in the trial <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN> half get a placebo, half get the drug, but all the outcomes are carefully monitored and in the end they break the seal and determine whether the drug benefited the patients or not.&nbsp;Just last month, two large, well done&nbsp;studies showed that the nutrients folate and vitamins B6 and B12 lowered homocysteine, but they did not reduce the incidence of heart attacks, so it's much more complex than we initially thought.&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: What do you make of their recommendations? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;They're very conservative about their recommendations.&nbsp;For example, with regard to heart disease, they don't even talk about whether you should eat a low-salt diet.&nbsp;Now obviously, excessive salt consumption is associated with increased blood pressure, so it would seem to be a reasonable recommendation with regard to reducing the risk of heart disease.&nbsp;As to why they don't mention it <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN> it's possibly&nbsp;because there is a subgroup of people with low blood pressure for whom eating a low-salt diet might lower the blood pressure further and induce light-headedness.&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>So, they're avoiding any recommendation that could possibly get them into trouble, which means that the assessment is not quite as personalized as it purports to be.&nbsp;They don't have enough information to provide a safe and effective dietary recommendation to you, which demonstrates how it is more important to know your actual blood pressure than the variations in your genes that may affect blood pressure. The reference section may be useful but the genotyping is not ready. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: There was another omission that bothered me.&nbsp;In the heart health section (and the inflammation section), they mention the importance of antioxidants, but focus only on vitamins A, C and E.&nbsp;These are certainly important, but they leave out a large swath of potent phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins, which help heart health and reduce inflammation.&nbsp;</FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Also, while the food sources are included in the reference section, I would have liked to see that information up front in the action plan.&nbsp;That said, how important is diet vs. genetic make-up?&nbsp;Are they equally important?&nbsp;Is genetics much more important?&nbsp;Or are diet and lifestyle much more important? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;We know enough to say that both genes and lifestyle have a large impact on disease risk.&nbsp;Both are very important.&nbsp;We don't know which is more important.&nbsp;Perhaps lifestyle is more important because you have what genes you're born with but lifestyle is something you can do something about.&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: One genetic variation we've heard a lot about as being connected to an increased disease risk is breast cancer.&nbsp;Notably, this profile left it out of the assessment.&nbsp;Care to venture a guess on why? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;I couldn't say for sure but possibly there are legal concerns.&nbsp;Again, many of the most important gene variances are under patent, so that other companies can't test that gene to assess risk.&nbsp;However, though one company, for the time being, won't be able to provide a comprehensive genetic analysis, the advantage may be that if individual companies have interests in particular genes they may invest resources into discovering what the genes variants&nbsp;truly do. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: You mentioned genes with strong effects on heart health, but what about other areas <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN> bone health or&nbsp;eye health, for example <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN> that are strongly influenced by genetic variation vs. others that are not much influenced? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;There are many genes involved and many environmental factors and we don't yet understand how they all interact so we can't yet make inferences about how people should change their lifestyle based on their genes.&nbsp;Right now the dietary recommendations for heart health are generally the same for everybody.&nbsp;If you had a choice between&nbsp;a DNA assessment or going to get your blood pressure and cholesterol checked by your physician, talking about smoking, diabetes, diet, exercise, etc., it's obvious which one is the better choice. Addressing the traditional risk factors is much more likely to reduce one's risk of heart disease. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: So, if you want to learn about your disease risk, check with your doctor as a first choice.&nbsp;But is there any reason not to take such drugstore DNA tests? </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>WT:&nbsp;My fear is that such reports could be misleading, especially when they're represented as a "comprehensive health-assessment."&nbsp;I don't see them mentioning anything about having your blood pressure checked or having your cholesterol checked. They're focusing on a few of the genes that are somewhat related to cholesterol and metabolism, but really what you want to know is whether your cholesterol is elevated <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN> that's the most important indicator of risk. If someone says, "Oh, my genes are OK so I don't need to get my cholesterol checked," this&nbsp;could be a big mistake in the longrun. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>Moreover, they look at such a tiny subset of the genes that influence cholesterol levels and metabolism. For example there is a disease of familial hypocholesterolemia <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Helv; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helv; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> </SPAN>that's when extremely high cholesterol levels run in families.&nbsp;This test isn't going to tell you about that.&nbsp;So saying it's a comprehensive genetic analysis is very misleading. </FONT></P> <P><FONT size=2>DNN: Thank you Dr. Tingley.&nbsp;I'll keep exercising and eating healthy...and make my appointment to see my doctor soon!</FONT></P><A href="http://www.dolenutrition.com/news_email_to_friend.aspx?type=article&id=571" target=_blank><IMG src="DNI_NL20060410 Dole Nutrition_files/btn_email_story_dole.gif" border=0></A></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2 font-style:normal><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl70></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl193></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl196></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><SPAN id=HtmlPlaceholderControl199></SPAN></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><FONT style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: normal" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2><!--BEGIN STORY--></FONT><!--END STORY--><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color=#000000 size=2></FONT></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colSpan=2><